Physical Activity Made Mdma Kick in Again

What is Ecstasy?

Ecstasy (MDMA, or 3,iv-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is an amphetamine analogue with both stimulant and hallucinogenic effects. Ecstasy is most normally taken tablet or capsule course; however, some people will snort a powder or eat the drug in a liquid form.¹

In addition to ecstasy, other historically used street names for MDMA include:ⁱⁱ

• Molly.
• Due east.
• X.
• XTC.
• Adam.
• Disco Beige.
• Hug Drug.

While in the past ecstasy was associated primarily with the rave or club scene, the use of MDMA has become more than widespread in contempo years.³ Amongst teens surveyed in 2018, more than 4% of 12^th graders in the U.S. reported using ecstasy at some point in their lives. Even some very immature teens are experimenting with the drug. More than ane.5% of 8^thursday graders reported ever having used the drug.⁴

Despite evidence to the contrary, the myth that ecstasy is a "condom" drug continues.⁵

What Does Ecstasy Practice to the Brain?

Ecstasy increases the activeness of three neurotransmitters: serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.ⁱ

• Increased dopamine activeness is associated with a boost in energy and acts in the brain reward system to strongly reinforce sure behaviors.
• Norepinephrine speeds middle charge per unit and increases blood pressure.
• Serotonin affects mood, sleep, ambition; a surge in serotonergic activity may underlie the boost in mood, empathy, and emotional closeness sometimes experienced past those using MDMA.⁶

While serotonin is released in abundance during ecstasy use, later apply the encephalon becomes temporarily depleted of this neurotransmitter. This relative dip in serotonin activeness could contribute to the feelings of anxiety, fatigue, and depression often associated with an ecstasy comedown.⁷ Chronically decreased active serotonin levels may contribute to the following symptoms oft seen in regular ecstasy users:⁶

• Bouts of depression.
• Anxiety.
• Paranoia.
• Problems with attention and memory.
• Defoliation.

What Does Ecstasy Do to the Body?

Like many drugs, many of MDMA's furnishings are dose-dependent, which is to say that the amount of MDMA taken can accept a significant impact on how the drug affects the body. Though substance purity and total dose are likely to vary wildly, previous estimates have been made that place many tablets at between 50 mg and 150 mg; however, short of analyzing the contents in a lab, the dose contained in such an illicit production is anyone's guess. ^vi

An unexpectedly high dose can cause meaning adverse effects. Adding to the danger, people using the drug oftentimes accept a follow-upwardly dose to prolong the comedown, further risking their health. ⁶

Many ecstasy tablets, particularly those sold online on the "dark internet" are more than potent than ever before, also. According to one European study, while tablets in the 90s and early 2000s average about fifty-fourscore mg, the boilerplate dose of an ecstasy tablet on the current market is now 125 mg. Some "super pills" have been marketed, with doses ranging between 270 and 340 mg.⁸

Side effects that may occur from MDMA use, which may be more than intense and likely to occur with college doses, include: ⁶

• Mild depersonalization.
• Disorganized thoughts.
• Restlessness.
• Headache.
• Jaw clenching.
• Teeth grinding.
• Stiffness in muscles and joints.
• Nausea.
• Loss of appetite.
• Loftier claret pressure.
• Chills.
• Sweating.
• High trunk temperature.
• Loss of consciousness.
• Seizures.

Is Ecstasy Always Mortiferous?

Many mistakenly view ecstasy as a benign recreational drug or a nonaddictive, experience-good substance. However, in that location have been several reports of MDMA-related deaths.

One particular danger to ecstasy users is hyponatremia, an abnormally depression level of sodium in the blood.⁹ Because people oftentimes dance for long periods in warm conditions like a club or party while using ecstasy, dehydration is common. Ecstasy users tend to combat dehydration by drinking a lot of water.

Though there are several potential underlying physiological mechanisms at play, excessive water consumption coupled with drug-induced alterations in free water excretion by the kidneys results in a dilutional effect on serum sodium levels; in severe cases, the subsequent shifts of water from the serum compartment to intracellular spaces can outcome in encephalon swelling, mental status changes, seizure, blackout, and death.¹⁰

Milder symptoms of hyponatremia may include:⁹

• Headache.
• Confusion.
• Fatigue/lethargy.
• Muscle weakness.
• Muscle cramps.
• Nausea.
• Vomiting.

Adding to the dangers of contradistinct fluid balance and hyponatremia is the risk of astringent increases in body temperature (hyperthermia). Animal studies suggest that ecstasy may impair thermoregulation, or the body's ability to regulate its temperature.

MDMA use is commonly associated with increased concrete activity for extended durations in particularly hot environments such as a packed dance club—a perfect formula for a dangerous fasten in body temperature. ^{half dozen}

Untreated hyperthermia may lead to a life-threatening condition called rhabdomyolysis, wherein muscles begin to intermission down and spill their protein contents into the bloodstream.⁶ Hyperthermia may also further contribute to electrolyte imbalances and fluid shifts, which can pb to kidney failure or swelling of the encephalon.⁶

Ecstasy, SSRIs, and Serotonin Syndrome

People who take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)—for instance Prozac—and utilize ecstasy, may exist at increased risk of a serious condition called serotonin syndrome.¹¹ Serotonin syndrome symptoms include:¹²

• Agitation.
• Hallucinations.
• Coordination problems.
• Abnormal movements of the eyes.
• Nausea.
• Vomiting.
• Diarrhea.
• Rapid heart charge per unit.
• Speedily irresolute claret pressure level.
• Fever.
• Excessive sweating.
• Shivering.
• Tremors.
• Blackout.

When treated apace, the prognosis is good. However, untreated serotonin syndrome may progress in severity and could potentially atomic number 82 to marked agitation, hyperthermia, muscle breakdown, renal damage, and death.¹²

MDMA or Something Else?

Illicit samples of ecstasy ordinarily contain other adulterant drugs and may even exist completely devoid of MDMA. Other drugs that have been found in products sold equally MDMA include:^two

• Ephedrine.
• Dextromethorphan (DXM).
• Ketamine.
• Methamphetamine.
• MDA (methylenedioxyamphetamine).
• PMA (paramethoxyamphetamine).

The truth is that no one buying ecstasy volition know with certainty what drug or drugs they are consuming, so anyone seeking the desirable effects of MDMA is truly putting their health—sometimes their life—at adventure.

When to Become Help

A person using ecstasy may call back that their use will never be problematic because they view the substance as condom to use in moderation. Though typical patterns of employ differ somewhat from more conventionally addictive substances such as cocaine and heroin, there is evidence of addiction-related phenomenon in association with ecstasy employ, including tolerance, withdrawal,  and drug cravings. ^six

At that place are warning signs to look for in someone who uses ecstasy. Such signs may be somewhat indicative of a tipping point when occasional recreational utilize has escalated to a more problematic, compulsive design of drug taking. Problematic ecstasy use may include some of the following signs or changes in behavior:¹³

• Pulling away from friends, family, coworkers, and social functions to go and get high instead.
• Disability to cut downwardly or finish despite attempts to do and then.
• Persistent apply or abuse of ecstasy when it is causing emotional, financial, legal, wellness-related, or other issues in life.
• Spending a lot of time and energy focused on ownership and using the drug.
• Using more ecstasy than originally intended (eastward.thousand., taking multiple doses before dark's terminate to go on the high going).

Some individuals who use this drug may exhibit outward symptoms of psychiatric problems, such as paranoia and extreme anxiety that causes panic attacks.⁶

Choosing a Handling Program

Professional treatment for problematic ecstasy utilize or an MDMA use disorder may take place in various settings. Such a treatment regimen volition consist entirely of therapy and behavioral interventions since at that place are no approved medications to care for MDMA dependence.ⁱSomeone abusing ecstasy on occasion without any other significant mental/physical health problems or risks for treatment complications may fare well in an outpatient rehabilitation program.

Someone frequently using ecstasy in combination with other drugs or someone who suffers from co-occurring mental health issues may need a college level of intendance. By agreeing to a period of inpatient or residential handling, the individual can separate themselves from stressors and other triggers to use in their home environs to better focus on recovery and planning ways to avoid relapse.¹⁴ Such relatively intensive levels of handling may go on for just a few weeks or up to a year.

Individual distinctions and situational needs—including a person's symptoms, stressors, and available support—should always dictate the type of treatment received.¹⁴ Engaging in treatment methods that aren't a expert fit for the person's current needs may not create the needed change.

In some cases, people who complete some duration of treatment in an inpatient or residential setting will step downwardly to outpatient intendance to go along receiving therapy involving mental health symptoms, self-care, instruction, vocational needs, and communication bug.¹⁴ Those in recovery from ecstasy or other drug use often attend support groups/meetings during (and after) their professional treatments as a way to complement their treatment efforts also as to build and maintain a network of healthy, recovery-focused peers.

Don't let your addiction reach stone bottom. If y'all or someone you love is struggling with the devastating side furnishings of habit and are unsure of where to turn, call us today at . Greenhouse Treatment Heart, American Addiction Centers' Texas rehab, is ready to aid you go the treatment you need today.

References:

1. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2019). MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly).
2. Drug Enforcement Administration. (2017). Drugs of Abuse: 2017 Edition.
3. Center for Substance Corruption Research. (2013). Ecstasy.
4. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (due north.d.). MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly): Cursory Description.
5. Kelly P. A. (2000). Does recreational ecstasy use cause long-term cerebral bug?.The Western journal of medicine,173(2), 129–130.
6. National Found on Drug Abuse. (2017). MDMA (Ecstasy) Abuse.
7. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2019). MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly).
8. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2016), Recent changes in Europe'south MDMA/ecstasy market, EMCDDA Rapid Communication, Publications Function of the European Union, Grand duchy of luxembourg
9. Cleveland Clinic. (2018).Hyponatremia.
10. Campbell, Chiliad.A.and H. Rosner. (2008). The agony of ecstasy: MDMA (3, four-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and the kidney. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 3(6), 1852–1860.
11. Dobry Y, Rice T, Sher L. (2013). Ecstasy use and serotonin syndrome: a neglected danger to adolescents and young adults prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Int J Adolesc Med Wellness, 25(3), 193-9.
12. MedlinePlus. (2018). Serotonin Syndrome.
13. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.
14. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Enquiry-Based Guide (Third Edition).

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